Table Columns HTML Tutorial

HTML tables allow your Web pages to display data in an easily readable format. They are relatively simple to set up, but they can be confusing for a beginner because while the rows of a table are clearly defined within the code, the columns are not. Don't worry. Just master a couple basic concepts, and you'll be "writing columns" in no time.

Basic Elements

Start by setting up the basic framework. HTML tables begin and end with

tags. The information within tables is arranged in rows, each of which is marked with tags (for "table row"). Columns are created by the tags. The number of columns is defined by the number of

("table data") tags within the rows. Each set of

tags is called a "cell." Let's set up a basic table with the first and last names of the first three American presidents: No. First name Last Name 1 George Washington 2 John Adams 3 Thomas Jefferson Note that this table does not define any columns, unlike the way rows are defined with the

cells. Here, each row has three cells, so there will be three columns. Always have the same number of cells in each row, even if you don't have a value to put in a particular cell; this is how the browser keeps the columns aligned. Setting Widths Adjust the size of your table, and the individual columns within it, with the "width" property. You can define a table's width either as a fixed number of pixels or as a percentage of the width of the surrounding element. (If there is no surrounding element, then it's the width of the browser window.) So, if you wanted your table to be half the width of the window, your first line would read: If you wanted it to be 650 pixels, you'd write: If you specify no widths, then the browser will set its own using the length of the data in the cells. You set the widths of columns the same way--as a fixed number of pixels or as a percentage. Do this by adding a width property to the cells in the top row. From our example: Note that these percentages are relative to the width of the table, not the surrounding element. This table will take up half (50 percent) of the width of the browser window. The columns will then be 20, 40 and 40 percent of that width. If you neglect to set the width for a column, the browser will simply assign it the remainder of the usable space; if more than one column have undefined widths, the browser will split the remainder equally. If you choose to set columns by pixels, either make sure that all columns add up to the width of the table, or leave one column undefined and let the browser set it. Colspans Merge cells across columns with the "colspan" property. Let's say that, for some odd reason, you wanted to replace John Adams in our example with "Massachusetts' favorite son John Adams," and you wanted it to span the space for both "First Name" and "Last Name." 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